Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is mostly used in histo-pathology to book at biopsy and histological sections.

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi are not differentiated by Grocott-Gomori Methenamine Silver Stain (GMS).

If the tissue stains magenta pink to red in color, then the sample is PAS-positive material i.e. contains carbohydrates.

Kliger’s Iron Agar (KIA) is the media used for the detection of the ability of a microorganism to ferment carbohydrates.

For any organism to utilize lactose, it must be able to synthesize a couple of enzymes – one of which is beta–galactosidase.

The main purpose of capsule staining is to differentiate bacterial cells from capsular material if present around the bacteria. Capsules, which are limited to certain bacteria, are a gelatinous outer layer that surrounds and adheres to the bacterial cell wall after being secreted.

Some microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) produce an enzyme called urease which hydrolyzes the carbon and nitrogen bond of amine compounds such as urea. Ammonia and Carbon dioxide are released as end products.

The biochemical test triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test is used to determine the ability of the organism to produce gas from sugar fermentation, production of hydrogen sulfide gas, and ability to ferment lactose and sucrose.

The oxidation fermentation test is a biochemical test used to determine/differentiate the ability of microorganisms to metabolize carbohydrates and related compounds. The OF medium can be used to differentiate such a group of organisms on the basis of carbohydrate utilization.

The fat/lipid hydrolysis test is a biochemical test used in the laboratory to determine if the test organism is able to produce lipase (esterase) that cleaves its ester bonds to produce glycerol and fatty acids. Such organisms are called lipolytic organisms.