Hanging Drop Method

Hanging Drop Method

The hanging drop method involves observing the motility of a test organism in a drop suspended under a cover slip in a cavity slide (concave slide). The drop dries out very slowly as it lies within an enclosed glass chamber.

Wet Mount Motility Test

Wet Mount Motility Test

The wet mount motility test is a simple method used to determine the motility of the test organism and is used in the identification process since most gram-negative bacteria are motile.

Dorner's staining

Dorner's staining

Dorner's staining is used for endospore staining and it differentiates bacterial spores from other vegetative cells. It also functions to differentiate spore-forming bacteria from non-spore-forming bacteria.

Schaeffer Fulton Staining

Schaeffer Fulton Staining

Schaeffer Fulton Staining is performed to differentiate bacterial spores from other vegetative cells. It also functions to differentiate spore-forming bacteria from non-spore-forming bacteria.

Acid fast staining

Acid fast staining

Acid-fast staining / Ziehl Neelsen Method, is a differential staining used to differentiate acid-fast bacteria from non-acid-fast bacteria. The members of the genus Mycobacterium are highly resistant and can only be observed after staining by acid-fast methods.

Gram Staining

Gram Staining

Gram staining is a differential staining technique widely used to separate bacteria into two major groups- gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. It is an essential method used for the classification and differentiation of bacteria.

Negative Staining

Negative Staining

Negative Staining is a type of staining technique used to study the morphology and arrangement of bacterial cells which are difficult to stain spirilliums/helical bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori.

Simple Staining

Simple Staining

Simple staining requires staining the bacterial cell directly with a positively charged dye/chromogens such as methylene blue, basic (carbol) fuchsin, and crystal violet which binds and stains the negatively charged surface of bacterial cells.

Capsule Staining

Capsule Staining

The main purpose of capsule staining is to differentiate bacterial cells from capsular material if present around the bacteria. Capsules, which are limited to certain bacteria, are a gelatinous outer layer that surrounds and adheres to the bacterial cell wall after being secreted.

Urease test

Urease test

Some microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) produce an enzyme called urease which hydrolyzes the carbon and nitrogen bond of amine compounds such as urea. Ammonia and Carbon dioxide are released as end products.